Media Bias and Democracy – For Essay Writing : IFSCA Assistant Manager 2023

The article is an editorial that refers to a previously published piece titled “‘Press must remain free if a country is to remain a democracy…” in the Indian Express on March 24, 2023. It delves into the topic of press freedom in India and provides potential solutions to tackle the issue.

Essay Topic – Media Bias and Democracy

The media is an essential component of democracy, often referred to as the fourth pillar of the state. Journalism must be encouraged as an institution that can ask difficult questions to those in power, and “speak truth to power”. 

Despite Article 19 of the Constitution of India guaranteeing the right to freedom of speech and expression, journalists and media outlets in India have faced challenges such as threats, attacks, and intimidation from government officials, politicians, and non-state actors. 

The media plays a crucial role in driving democracy forward, as it seeks truth, justice, and equality. In today’s digital age, it is essential for journalists to maintain standards of accuracy, impartiality, and responsibility in their reporting, in order to overcome the challenges posed by a rapidly evolving media landscape.

The media plays a crucial role in promoting democracy by performing the following functions:

  • Holding government officials accountable by acting as a watchdog, scrutinizing their actions and ensuring they are answerable for their decisions.
  • Encouraging public debate and discussion about political issues, which is crucial for a healthy democracy, by providing a platform for citizens to voice their opinions.
  • Representing diverse perspectives and viewpoints to provide citizens access to a variety of opinions and ideas.
  • Educating citizens about the democratic process, helping them understand how government works and how to effectively participate in it.

The challenges with the role of media in democracy can be summarized as follows:

  • Media bias can distort information, leading to a lack of objectivity and an imbalance in available information. This can result in polarized public opinion and a lack of trust in the media. The mainstream media in India is often indulged in being either pro-government or completely against them, ignoring issues related to common folks.
  • Fake news can spread rapidly, leading to confusion and misinformation among the public. This undermines the credibility of the media and leads to a lack of trust in the information presented.
  • Corporate influence on media outlets can lead to a lack of diversity of perspectives and a focus on profit over public interest.
  • Government censorship can control the flow of information and suppress dissent, leading to a lack of transparency and accountability in the government and limiting the ability of the media to act as a watchdog.
  • The issue of legitimacy arises when media outlets do not provide accurate, unbiased, or truthful information. This can arise due to political biases, commercial interests, sensationalism, and a lack of journalistic standards.
  • The lack of gender diversity in the media perpetuates gender stereotypes, reinforces patriarchal norms, and limits the diversity of perspectives and voices in the media. Women are underrepresented in both the ownership and workforce of media organizations.
  • The Problem of Media Trials in India – Media trials refer to instances where the media declares someone guilty before the court makes a decision.
  1. Media trials can be dangerous as they can lead to long-lasting consequences for those involved.
  1. The 2008 Aarushi Talwar-Hemraj double murder case is an example of a media trial in India.
  1. During this case, the media played a significant role in shaping public opinion and influencing the investigation and subsequent court proceedings.
  1. According to the Madrid Principles on the Relationship Between the Media and Judicial Independence, the media should not violate the presumption of innocence while reporting on cases before, during, and after trial.

What Should be the Way Forward?

  • Accuracy and fact-checking should be promoted to weed out bias and prejudice from reporting. A comprehensive fact-checking mechanism should be in place to verify news items before reporting.
  • The media should strive to represent diverse voices and perspectives to promote a more informed and engaged citizenry.
  • The media has a key role in holding those in power accountable by reporting on their actions and decisions, including investigating corruption and abuse of power.
  • The media can play a crucial role in fostering public discourse by providing a platform for debate and discussion, promoting understanding and dialogue between different groups.
  • The media should avoid bias in reporting to build trust and promote its role in democracy.
  • Measures should be taken to address online harassment of journalists to ensure their safety and freedom of expression.
  • Media literacy programs can help citizens understand how the media works, distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources, and engage in informed public discourse.
  • Independent journalism should be supported and promoted in India, including funding for investigative reporting, community-based media, and protection for freelance journalists and stringers.
  • The government could consider enacting a law that specifically protects journalists and media outlets from harassment and violence.
  • Adherence to media ethics, such as truth and accuracy, transparency, independence, fairness and impartiality, responsibility, and fair play, is crucial for responsible journalism.