Descriptive ESI Questions asked in RBI Grade B Mains 2022 – Economic and Social Issues

The ESI section of the RBI Grade B – Descriptive ESI Mains 2022 consisted of six questions, out of which two questions of 15 marks and two questions of 10 marks had to be answered. Here’s a detailed analysis of the ESI questions asked in the exam.

15 Marks Questions

Q1. What are the recommendations of the 15th financial Commission with respect to horizontal and vertical devolution from centre to state?

This question tested the candidate’s knowledge about the recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission with regard to devolution of funds from the central government to the state governments. The candidate was expected to provide a detailed analysis of the recommendations, including both horizontal and vertical devolution.

To answer this question, candidates were required to study the recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission and understand the concept of horizontal and vertical devolution. They were expected to provide a detailed analysis of the recommendations, including the factors considered for horizontal and vertical devolution, the formula used for calculation, and the impact of these recommendations on the state governments.

Q2. What are the different ways to measure poverty? Discuss poverty measurement in relation to 3 aspects of the Inflation index, consumer basket and per capita income.

This question tested the candidate’s knowledge about different methods of measuring poverty and their relation to inflation index, consumer basket, and per capita income. The candidate was expected to provide a detailed analysis of poverty measurement in India and the factors that affect it.

To answer this question, candidates were required to study the various methods of measuring poverty, including the poverty line method, multidimensional poverty index, and others. They were expected to provide a detailed analysis of each method and their limitations. Candidates were also expected to discuss the relationship between poverty measurement and the inflation index, consumer basket, and per capita income.

Q3. How do the aspects of Globalisation change after the 2008 Financial Crisis?

This question tested the candidate’s understanding of the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on globalization. The candidate was expected to provide a detailed analysis of the changes in globalization after the financial crisis and their impact on the global economy.

To answer this question, candidates were required to study the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on the global economy and the subsequent changes in globalization. They were expected to discuss the changes in trade, investment, and capital flows, and their impact on the global economy. Candidates were also expected to discuss the role of international organizations and their response to the changes in globalization.

10 Marks Questions

Q1. What are the disinvestment measures announced in Budget 2021-22 and their impact?

This question tested the candidate’s knowledge about the disinvestment measures announced in the Union Budget 2021-22 and their impact on the economy. The candidate was expected to provide a detailed analysis of the disinvestment measures announced in the budget and their impact on the economy.

To answer this question, candidates were required to study the disinvestment measures announced in the Union Budget 2021-22 and their impact on the economy. They were expected to provide a detailed analysis of the measures announced and discuss their potential impact on the economy.

Q2. Discuss India’s commitment towards the achievement of global climate change in aspects like health, and socio-economic development aspects.

This question tested the candidate’s understanding of India’s commitment towards achieving global climate change and its impact on health and socio-economic development. The candidate was expected to provide a detailed analysis of India’s climate change commitments and their impact on health and socio-economic development.

To answer this question, please go through the following : –

Introduction: The introduction should provide a brief overview of India’s commitment to the achievement of global climate change.

Body: In the body, the candidate should discuss India’s efforts in two aspects, health and socio-economic development.

  1. Health:

The candidate can mention India’s efforts to reduce air pollution, which is one of the significant factors affecting health. The government has launched initiatives like the National Clean Air Program (NCAP), which aims to reduce air pollution by 20-30% by 2024. The candidate can also mention India’s efforts to increase the use of clean energy, such as solar and wind energy, to reduce pollution and improve public health.

  1. Socio-economic development:

In this aspect, the candidate can discuss India’s efforts to increase the use of renewable energy and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. The government has set a target of achieving 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022. The candidate can also discuss initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, which aims to provide clean cooking fuel to households below the poverty line.

Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize India’s commitment towards achieving global climate change in aspects like health and socio-economic development. The candidate can also mention the need for continuous efforts in this direction to achieve sustainable development.

Q3. What is the influence of Demographic transition on economic growth with reference to India?

Demographic transition refers to the process of change in a country’s population structure from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates. This transition has a significant impact on a country’s economic growth. In the Indian context, the influence of demographic transition on economic growth is an essential issue that needs to be discussed.

To answer this question, one can follow the below-given structure:

Introduction: The introduction should provide a brief overview of demographic transition and its impact on economic growth.

Body: In the body, the candidate can discuss the influence of demographic transition on economic growth in the Indian context.

  1. Demographic Dividend:

The candidate can discuss how demographic transition can lead to a demographic dividend, where the working-age population in a country is higher than the dependent population. In India, the demographic dividend is expected to last until 2040, which means that the working-age population will be higher than the dependent population, leading to increased economic growth.

  1. Human Capital:

In this aspect, the candidate can discuss how demographic transition can lead to an increase in human capital. With a decline in birth rates, families tend to invest more in the education and health of their children, leading to a better-educated and healthier workforce, which can drive economic growth.

  1. Consumption Patterns:

In this aspect, the candidate can discuss how demographic transition can lead to changes in consumption patterns. With an increase in the working-age population, there is a shift from spending on basic needs to discretionary spending, leading to increased demand for goods and services and driving economic growth.

Conclusion: The conclusion should summarize the main points discussed in the essay and emphasize the significance of demographic transition on economic growth with reference to India. The candidate can also mention the need for policy measures to ensure that the demographic dividend is utilized to drive sustainable economic growth.